Prospective evidence for conversational medical AI is hard, but non-negotiable

Nature Medicine, Published online: 14 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04639-5

Trust in clinical artificial intelligence (AI) cannot be benchmarked into existence. It must be earned through rigorous prospective studies in real-world clinical settings, where the hardest lessons often concern the humans and systems around the AI, not the technology itself.